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June 14th to June 29th - Cambodia's killing fields & The End of the Road

After having waited five weeks for a permission to bring our car into Cambodia with no sign of getting any response from the authorities, we became convinced that a written permission would never be granted. It would seem that our request had been sucked into the black hole of third world bureaucracy, never to be heard of again. Seeing as Cambodia is one of the world's most mined countries we were determined not to miss it and therefore decided to head for the border anyway…(For More)

May 5th to June 4th - Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand

After Calcutta's deprivation, chaos and noise, Singapore could not have been more different. Even compared to the average European capital Singapore is clean, however after three weeks in India it seemed almost sterile…(For more)

April 10th to the 29th - India, a land of contrasts

The heat was the first strong impression we got of India as we entered through the only border crossing from Pakistan. The huge border gates were firmly slammed behind us shortly afterwards at sunset by the Indian and Pakistani soldiers in what has become a ritualised daily display of mutual defiance. Our plan was to head directly eastwards, however we were told of the town of Dharamshala, where his highness the Dalai Lama is in exile. Being only a days drive from Amritsar we made this our first stop…(For more)

March 12th to April 6th Afghanistan - the war goes on

We had taken contact with Danish Demining Group (DDG) which has been clearing landmines and unexploded ordinance (UXO) in Afghanistan since 1998.Along with all other foreign aid organisations, DDG was evacuated following the September 11th bombing in the US and has now returned to continue the work in one of the world's most landmine- and UXO contaminated countries.(For more...)

March 3rd to the 9th - Enter Pakistan

We stayed in Quetta for three days, looking around the city. Quetta was incredibly crowded and resembled a suburb of Kabul thanks to the staggeringly high number of Afghans who dominated the city. Pakistan has since the war in Afghanistan taken (officially) more than 3 million Afghan refugees, 1 ½ of which are now in Quetta… (For more)

February 25th to March 3rd - From Persia to Pakistan

Our last few days in Iran were spent in Bam, a small oasis a few hundred kilometers from the Pakistani border. After driving for hours through arid desert the sight of green palm trees among the sand coloured mud brick houses were a welcome relief… (For more...)

February 17th to 24th - Persepolis and Yazd

After our stay in Esfahan we headed further south to Persepolis and Shiraz. The weather was getting warmer, however we both came down with the flu so our first days in Shiraz were spent in a hotel room reading and zapping through the Iranian TV channels in the hope that something in English would be shown. (For more...)

February 14th to 17th - Esfahan, the cultural capital

Any place after Tehran would seem like a bastion of Persian culture, however Esfahan does not need the added advantage. With its spectacular mosques and palaces, Esfahan is the jewel in Iran's crown. … (For more...)

February 5th to 13th - Tehran, a city without charm

We take the liberty in this update to write only a little about the capital of Iran as it lacks any of the Persian culture and charm. Not a drop of Persia, in fact, can be found in this huge and enormously polluted city. Take Cairo's manic traffic and add several thousand mopeds driven by suicide candidates, a thick layer of smog and add the odours of dirt and discarded kitchen waste for good measure and you have Tehran… (For more...)

1. January 24th to February 2nd - Tabriz and the Caspian Sea

From the snowy Turkish mountains we crossed into Iran with no problems. After spending the night in a small border town in which we within our first hour of staying in Iran almost managed to get the car stuck in an invisible man hole, crash it and then get stuck again on a staircase we had had a baptism by fire as to Iranian road planning. (For more)

January 12th to the 21st - Syria and Turkey - Winter Wonderland

After leaving Iraqi Kurdistan we headed south for Damascus. Our Iranian visas had arrived recently in the Iranian embassy in Amman and to pick them up we had to travel all the way south again to Damascus from where we could then travel to Amman…. (For more..)

December 7th - January 11th Iraqi Kurdistan - Between the devil and the deep blue sea

After nineteen hours on the road from Damascus to Qamishli by the Turkish border, a drive that should not have taken more than 10 hours, we arrived at ten in the morning. Road maps are unavailable in Syria and with only Arabic signs to navigate by getting totally lost is all too easy… (For more..)

December 2nd to the 6th - Jordan and Syria - A life in transit

When we disembarked the ferry in Aqaba in Jordan we found the Jordanians very welcoming and friendly. Queen Noor is one of the most famous campaigners against landmines and we had been very pleased and honored when she, before our departure from London, had sent us a letter wishing us luck on our expedition… (For more..)

November 16th to the 24th - Egypt - How can we take your money?

We felt no regrets leaving Greece after we had been robbed and shown very little sympathy by the Greek police. We had spent a week in Greece trying to find a vessel to carry us and the car to Egypt, which had turned out to be impossible partly due to the winter season and partly because of the war in Afghanistan… (For more..)

November 6th to the 11th - Macedonia and Greece

We left Pristina early in the morning on Thursday and drove straight for the border with Macedonia. Unfortunately, as our vehicle insurance for Yugoslavia had expired a few days before we were forced by the police to pay a total of DM350 in insurance and fines just to drive 100 meters from the last Yugoslavian check point to the Macedonian border
…(For more..)

October 28th to November 5th - Men in orange

We spent the past week high in the mountains of Kosovo, filming and living with the deminers of a commercial demining company called Mine-Tech. We had decided to film a profile of one of the deminers, Ackson Zulani, for our documentary and decided that the best way of doing this was to live with them for a few days…(For more..)

September 30th to October 28th - Bosnia, Montenegro, Kosovo and Albania

Our last two weeks in Bosnia were spent waiting for our Land Rover to be fixed. It had only been a matter of time before something went wrong as up until that point we had experienced no mechanical problems at all…(For more..)

September 15th to the 30th: Bosnia-Herzegovina

As we entered Bosnia-Herzegovina we were greeted by a bullet-ridden "welcome" sign sitting amidst burned out ruins. The war in Bosnia Herzegovina ended in 1995 with the signing of the Dayton Accord…(For more..)

September 1st to the 15th: Croatia - Entering the Balkans

We arrived in Dubrovnik by ferry from Italy after a long and uncomfortable night at sea (we should have asked for a ferry with heated floors). We knew the fighting in Croatia had ended almost six years ago, however we had not anticipated that Croatia would be such a beautiful country. Only a few houses are still riddled wirh bullet holes in some of the rural areas of the country where fighting was at its most fierce…(For more..)

August 15th to the 30th: Commencement

It was one of those sweltering hot afternoons in London and we were placing all our sponsor stickers on the newly painted Rapier. As we were working out how to fit on all the stickers, passers by were stopping to ask us about the expedition and a few wished us good luck as they walked by… (For more..)

August 1st to the 14th: Off-Roading in Gaydon

The week started well with both of us in high spirits, myself because I had five days of off-roading and maintenance training to look forward to at Land Rover's HQ in Gaydon… (For more)

July 15th to the 31st: The perfect soldier

Our research into the landmine issue is proving very interesting and recently we have taken more time off from the hectic preparations to dive into the subject. We have met with a number of organisations and experts on landmines and what seemed a straightforward issue has shown itself to be far more complex…(For more)

July 1st to the 14th: The art of staying alive

It has become clear over the past few weeks that obtaining filming permissions in certain countries is even more complicated than we expected. In one country, namely Iraq, it is proving to be impossible … (For more)

June 15th to 30th: A taste of what is to come

We have had a great last two weeks. More sponsors are trickling in and it seems like all the modifications to the Rapier have been agreed with various workshops that are sponsoring us. Land Rover has generously agreed to sponsor us … (For more)

June 1st to the 14th: The hunt for sponsors intensifies

With the route planning, car, website and supporting organisations under control, we have now made a working plan which we stick to religiously. Our departure has been set for August 21st… (For more)

April and May: Our own Mt. Everest

In many ways, organising an expedition is like climbing a mountain. From far it may look relatively easy, but once you come closer and start the ascent you realise that each step has to be planned carefully… (For more)


June 14th to June 29th - Cambodia's killing fields & The End of the Road

 

A monk walking in the Monsoon rain

After having waited five weeks for a permission to bring our car into Cambodia with no sign of getting any response from the authorities, we became convinced that a written permission would never be granted. It would seem that our request had been sucked into the black hole of third world bureaucracy, never to be heard of again. Seeing as Cambodia is one of the world's most mined countries we were determined not to miss it and therefore decided to head for the border anyway, even without the necessary permissions, armed only with an assortment of ten and twenty dollar bills and the knowledge that in a country where policemen earn as little as $20 dollars per month, money talks.


However, instead of encountering difficulties from the Cambodian customs officials, we drove straight across and into Cambodia without so much as a vehicle inspection or a request to see our papers. We are convinced that even if we had driven a tank across the border, the Cambodian border guards would have been more interested in staying in their air-conditioned offices than having to venture into the baking afternoon sun to inspect it.


Simultaneously relieved and irritated by the ease of it all (we were across, but had wasted valuable time waiting for the permissions), we continued east towards Battambang, Cambodia's second largest town and also our base for the next two weeks as we filmed British demining organisation, Mines Advisory Group (www.mag.org.uk) for our landmine documentary. Thanks to decades of war, Cambodia is one of the most heavily mined countries in the world and since starting operations there in 1992, MAG has been making a vital contribution to the country's socio-economic development through its demining efforts.
Cambodia's roads are notoriously bad, but we had not expected anything as bad as what greeted us when we left the border town Poipet. Worn down tar roads quickly gave way to potholed dirt tracks which in turn were periodically transformed into brown and slippery mud tracks after the daily Monsoon rains had fallen. Some bridges had almost collapsed and on a few, the top layer of tarmac and cement had been washed away leaving only a metal mesh of cables to carry the weight of our Land Rover. On other bridges, huge holes made crossing them impossible without the help of the enterprising locals who replace them in return for small sums of money.



Driving conditions only for 4x4s

It was well after dark when we finally reached Battambang. The pace of life is slow as its residents seem to have little or no desire to enter the twentieth, let alone the twenty-first century. Dilapidated French colonial-style houses dominate the main central streets and are a stark contrast to the muddy streets and wooden houses on stilts in the outskirts of town.

We started our work with MAG shortly after arriving. The fighting between the Khmer Rouge and government forces and later between Khmer Rouge and Vietnamese forces has left an untold number of landmines scattered throughout the country. Almost in every province, landmine victims bear witness to the legacy left by decades of war.


Small children look on as their village is demined
Our days filming were spent in a small village about 36 km from Battambang, which was just one of many regional sites where MAG is actively involved in demining. The area around the village was formerly occupied by Khmer Rouge troops who ensured that by the time they left, the land was left effectively useless thanks to the use of landmines to protect their positions. In villages such as this, MAG plays a vital role in allowing villagers to reclaim previously dangerous and unusable land for agriculture. In Cambodia, where 85% of the population still lives off agriculture or related activities, demining plays a critical role in alleviating poverty and contributing to socio-economic development.
It was in this small village that we met Sokhoen Korn, one of MAG's female deminers. For two weeks we followed and filmed her working in the minefield and also during some of her free time on the weekends.


Sokhoen at home
Sokhoen's story is one of triumph over adversity. Her husband was killed by a landmine 12 years ago and since then she has been the sole provider for her five children. Living in a Thai refugee camp, Sokhoen was forced to take odd jobs to help her buy enough food for the children. She could not afford an education for her oldest son, so she sent him away to become a monk in order for him to receive free schooling instead. It was only after she successfully applied for a job with MAG that Sokhoen managed to adequately fend for her family. Her son lives at home and all of her children are now able to attend school.
 
Working conditions for the deminers is hard as they have to wear heavy and warm protective flag jackets and helmets in the baking sun and high humidity. In the Balkans, most minefields were recorded and landmines were often used in set patterns making demining a relatively 'simple' affair, however in Cambodia demining is a much slower process as fluid front lines and the unrecorded use of mines have left landmines scattered throughout the country in unknown locations.


A deminer prepares to detonate a landmine

Demining organisations such as MAG make a difference, not just for the deminers who have a chance to earn a steady salary, but for whole communities that would otherwise not be able to use their fields to plant crops and rebuild their lives after armed conflict. Sadly, and too often, not enough funding is given to demining organisations after conflict has ended, thereby dramatically slowing the rehabilitation process.

After a little less than two weeks we had finished our filming and it was time to head back to Thailand. We had fortunately managed over the past 10 months to faithfully

stick to our original expedition route through the Middle East, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan in spite of the events after September 11th, but the delays in getting into some of these countries had pushed our schedule back by several months.

Cambodian monks wishing us a safe return to London

The 'war on terror' had mixed consequences for our expedition; we have been amongst only a very few fellow western travellers in most countries, leaving us to enjoy the sites without being overrun by throngs of tourists. However it has also meant that we will not be continuing as planned to Laos and China due to the delays. We decided therefore that Cambodia was an appropriate place to effectively 'finish' the 26,000 km long expedition.

Thailand is the final destination of our expedition as one of our sponsors, Maersk Sealand, has very kindly made arrangements to ship our Landy from Bangkok back to the UK. We are very grateful in particular to Henrik Jensen and Marisa Phiwkhaw of Maersk Sealand Thailand for helping to organise the shipping so incredibly quickly and efficiently.

The expedition has been an incredible experience for us. We have met more weird and wonderful people and made more new friends than we had ever hoped when planning this over a year ago in London, and will treasure the memories of this trip for many years to come. In terms of the landmine problems that many countries suffer from, we have seen first hand what invaluable contributions to rehabilitation demining organisations such as Mines Advisory Group, Danish Demining Group, Danish Church Aid, Handicap International, and Norwegian People's Aid make. Although the problems are far reaching, the demining efforts of these organisations do help. Demining truly is the first step to rehabilitation in a post war country. We hope that through our expedition and the film that we are making we will be able to contribute to furthering people's knowledge of and support for the important work being done by demining charities worldwide.

The next step for us now is to begin the lengthy editing of some 60 hours of video footage that we filmed during the expedition. In due course we will then have a finished documentary which we are aiming to distribute to all of the many NGOs that helped us during the course of the expedition, as well a broad range of television networks.

We would like to thank all of our readers for their interest, our generous sponsors for their invaluable support and our supporting organisations for their help in realizing this expedition.


May 5th to June 4th - Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand

 

Singapore's famous skyline
After Calcutta's deprivation, chaos and noise, Singapore could not have been more different. Even compared to the average European capital Singapore is clean, however after three weeks in India it seemed almost sterile.

We were excited to finally be in Far East Asia and a bit saddened to be embarking on the last leg of our journey. We were only to stay a short while in Singapore before heading to Malaysia to pick up our trusty Land Rover that Maersk Sealand had shipped from Calcutta.


People have often poked fun at Singapore for it's somewhat strict rules on smoking, sale of chewing gum and littering, however walking through it's perfectly clean streets, it is obvious the rules have worked. But in respect of finding any authentic oriental mystique you have to look long and hard. Even China Town, a place in most cities which is normally bustling with activity, was so neat you could almost eat off the street…well almost.

As soon as the car arrived at the Tanjung Pelepas port in Malaysia we headed across the border to pick it up.


Squeaky clean China Town
We were happy to see the Landie again, which we by now view as an old friend, and were amazed and impressed with the efficiency of Maersk Sealand at getting all the paperwork done at record time. The Malaysian custom officials, however, needed a little help with our papers as they hadn't seen a Carnet de Passage document (custom papers) since Jon Bon Jovi came by on a tour a few years back with his trucks.

We would like to thank Prithwijit Maitra in the Maersk Sealand office in Calcutta and Kim Hansen in the Tanjung Palepas office for their greatly appreciated help, efficiency and friendliness in helping us ship the car to Malaysia.


Malaysia offered the authenticity Singapore had lacked and is as the advert says - truly


Twilight on one of Malaysia's beaches
Asia. We drove north towards our last destination Cambodia along the East Coast. Heavy palm trees full of coconuts lined the way, flanking white sandy beaches with crystal turquoise water. Rain forests brimmed with exotic flowers and animal life, all of which would under normal circumstances keep the visitor happily occupied for weeks.

Unfortunately for us we were in a rush to get to Bangkok to put pressure on the Cambodian embassy to push for our permission to bring our car to Cambodia.

Getting our visas took less than ten minutes, but from other overlanders we have heard customs officials at the Cambodian border at best can be described as extremely difficult to convince to let cars through, even with a letter from the Prime Minister's office to show for.
When we arrived in Thailand's capital Bangkok we found ourselves for the first time in a long while surrounded not only by backpackers, but also main stream package tourists. To cater for the thousands of visitors Bangkok has become very tourist oriented, but despite this it offers amazing cultural treasures and we were both in awe of its wealth, from the breezy river with the glittering pagodas, the stunning and awe inspiring Grand Palace to the excellent restaurants serving delicious Thai dishes.

Our main attention, however, was with the Cambodian officials. We called them daily to inquire as to when our permission would be granted, but as is often the case with third world countries, bureaucracy is a slow and complicated process. This wasn't helped by a recent change of regulations which has made the temporary import of cars extremely difficult - even harder than before. Whilst we waited we spent some time looking around the city.


Statue in the Grand Palace

Artfully trimming a tree
For shoppers Bangkok truly is a Mecca; busy and dirt-cheap street vendors sell everything from fake Rolex watches and Prada handbags to reclining Buddha figurines and clothes.

Male tourists are predominant in a country where prostitution is widespread and although the Thai government claims it is curbing the sex-industry, one look at the notorious red light district of Pat Pong seems to contradict these claims.
.
Despite the friendly Thais and their beautiful country we were eager to get to Cambodia to film the last part of the documentary. The landmines laid out during the years of the Khmer Rouge terror rule today pose an incredible threat to the people and the country's further development.

   


April 10th to the 29th - India, a land of contrasts

The heat was the first strong impression we got of India as we entered through the only border crossing from Pakistan. The huge border gates were firmly slammed behind us shortly afterwards at sunset by the Indian and Pakistani soldiers in what has become a ritualised daily display of mutual defiance.

Our plan was to head directly eastwards, however we were told of the town of Dharamshala, where his highness the Dalai Lama is in exile. Being only a days drive from Amritsar we made this our first stop. At the breathtaking Himalayan foothills we found Dharamshala which resembled more of a Tibetan village than an Indian one. We were fortunate to have the opportunity to meet the Dalai Lama and enjoyed the hospitable and friendly atmosphere.
  A small girl fetching water
On our way through the mountains we made a stop at Shimla, which used to be the summer capital of India during British rule. Even today the British legacy can be felt in and Shimla bears a clear resemblance to small towns in the English countryside.
From the mountains we headed south towards Delhi. As we drove the temperature steadily rose and the landscape changed from rugged mountains to flat fields. By the time we reached Delhi the temperature had risen to a stifling 60 C° in our car. Eager to avoid the hustle and bustle of the big city we went directly to Agra and the Taj Mahal. Ironically the pollution of the city along with the heat helps create a misty glare that makes it look magical during daylight hours.
  Taj Mahal
Eager to push on we once again hit the road, this time stopping at Orcha, which set on a small island, offered a peaceful and calm stopover. The town is famous for it's palace fort, which we stayed in for the princely sum of $6 per night!. We were the only guests and at night shared the magnificent palace with only a group of monkeys and two playful dogs.
  Women in colourful saris carrying water


One of the Khajuraho temples
The following day we reached Khajuraho. The temples, which now are a World Heritage Site and have placed this small town on the world map, are amazing.
Famous for their erotic sculptures each temple has been delicately carved with deities, voluptuous women and handsome men. The temples date back almost a thousand years and were 'lost' in the jungle up until an Englishman discovered them in the 19th century. Incredibly well preserved the temples were awesome in the setting sun.

Every square inch seems to be covered with beautifully carved figures
   
We pressed on to Varanasi, which is one of the holiest cities in India. It is a place many devout Hindus come to give birth and to die, but most of all they come to bathe in the Ganges. In the misty morning we headed down to the riverbank where hundreds of Hindus had come to bathe, swim and wash in the rising sun. It was an incredible sight.
  Bathing in the early morning sun

Rich and poor, old and young side by side giving sacrifice and jumping into the murky waters of the Ganges river. A bit further up the river, dead have their last rites. Pilgrims flock to this place from all over India. Beggars, stall-wallas, astrologers, pilgrims, holy men, cows and dogs cram the narrow alleyways leading to the Ghats from where people bathe. The colours of saris and flowers, the hordes of people and noise along with the smell of incense and sewage all help to set the scene of a place of all we had imagined India to be.
A man making a sacrifice
A holy man
   
The next stop on the journey through India proved to in as great a contrast as is possible. We went to the exact place where Buddha became enlightened, Bodh Gaya. On the place a temple has been erected, but the tree where Buddha sat and meditated was still there, that is the seedling from the original tree. The place was peaceful and the deep hum of the monks made the place magical. After meeting the Dalai Lama, whom is said to be the only other enlightened person after the Buddha and then coming to the place where Buddhism was born was fascinating and a rare privilege.
  The place Buddha became enlightened
Again, as with everything in India it seems, we went from one extreme to another. From a place of tranquillity to a place of chaos - Calcutta. The poverty and utter depravation is impossible to ignore or avoid and precedes anything we had seen in even war torn countries such as Afghanistan or Iraq. Beggars tug at you as you walk down the streets, filthy gutters overflow and rats and flies take no notice of passersby. Hordes of street dogs and children scavenge through discarded rubbish and taxis and rickshaws force their way down the crowded streets. The houses are run down and the smog blankets the city. The smell and heat is overwhelming. It becomes clear why Mother Teresa chose this place for her work.
We have spent a week here as the Land Rover is to be shipped by Maersk Sealand to Malaysia from where we will head north for Cambodia. We were both amazed by the professionalism and speed in which a vessel was arranged and the shipping dealt with. After travelling through India on what seems record time, we were relieved to leave the car in capable hands and finding the procedures made so easy for us.
Going……
Going……
Gone.

March 12th to April 6th Afghanistan - the war goes on.

We had taken contact with Danish Demining Group (DDG) which has been clearing landmines and unexploded ordinance (UXO) in Afghanistan since 1998.Along with all other foreign aid organisations, DDG was evacuated following the September 11th bombing in the US and has now returned to continue the work in one of the world's most landmine- and UXO contaminated countries.

As we crossed over the Khyber Pass, we were greeted by a sign stating that foreigners are prohibited from entering without permission and without a police escort. However, with our guard clutching his Kalashnikov we were waved through and headed for the Afghan border. The border was chaotic with trucks making their way through hordes of returning refugees and persistent children running around begging.
  Filming a demolition of unexploded rockets

At record speed we were let into Afghanistan where Pelle and Jan, two Swedish 'explosive ordinance demolition' (EOD) experts working for DDG, met us. Pelle used to work for Danish Church Aid and we had first we met him in Kosovo. After the war in Afghanistan Pelle started working for DDG and we were happy to see him again.

We headed for Jalalabad where we were to film DDG's UXO clearance work in the area. The town itself was poor with none of the allied presence that can be seen everywhere in the capital Kabul. The area is very traditional with the women still wearing burkas. A few Taliban sympathizers could still be seen, but overall people were friendly and hospitable - a trademark Afghans are famous for, although perhaps not in the West.

The EOD teams started work at six o'clock in the morning so as to avoid the hot afternoons. The areas they cleared were mainly contaminated with unexploded cluster bomblets that have been much criticized for their high failure rate to detonate, thus turning fields, residential areas and grasslands into minefields. As most of the cluster bomblets are too unstable to be moved they have to be demolished on site, and in the time we spent with DDG we saw (and heard!) more explosions than most soldiers probably do in a lifetime.
  An unexploded cluster bomb
In Kosovo the cluster bombs received a lot of criticism because they had a failure rate on average of 12 per cent rather than the 5 per cent the manufacturers' claimed. However this fades in comparison to the failure rate in some strikes of up to 50 per cent in Afghanistan. The unexploded bomblets litter the ground effectively acting as landmines and can cause injury and death to non-combatants just as a normal anti-personnel mine would.


A nomad leads a herd of sheep across an old battlefield contaminated with cluster bombs
During our filming, DDG had problems with some Northern Alliance soldiers, who regardless of the danger would walk around amongst cluster bombs and even use them for target practice. This not only risked their own lives, but also the lives of DDG's staff working in the area. It is typical of the casual attitude still taken by many of the locals after having lived through so many years of war.
 
Pelle talking to the Northern Alliance troops

Perhaps the most affected people in the region are, however, the Kutchi nomads who face high risks when trekking through contaminated areas. After years of Taliban rule the nomads can finally wander north during the hot summer months for greener grasslands where their sheep can graze, however many are still unaware of the highly unstable cluster bombs scattered across fields and grasslands throughout the area. It is a new and unknown enemy and it has arrived at the worst possible time. Several years of drought has made their animals weak and the scarce grasslands are vital for the survival of their livestock - and their own.

 
Kutchi nomads in search of grasslands for their livestock
Unfortunately we didn't get to see Kabul, but our schedule kept us in the Jalalabad area which is an absolutely beautiful part of Afghanistan. Even the poppy fields, despite their negative connotations, looked picturesque! In total we spent a little over three weeks in Afghanistan, and the Afghans, despite a history of wars and conflicts, were among some of the friendliest and most hospitable people we have met on our trip so far. Although the Afghans deserve to live in peace they will have to go on struggling for a long time before their land is safe from landmines and UXO. See Media and Features page for more on Afghanistan's landmine problems
 
One of many poppy fields that dominate the Afghan country side

March 3th to the 9th - Enter Pakistan

We stayed in Quetta for three days, looking around the city. Quetta was incredibly crowded and resembled a suburb of Kabul thanks to the staggeringly high number of Afghans who dominated the city. Pakistan has since the war in Afghanistan taken (officially) more than 3 million Afghan refugees, 1 ½ of which are now in Quetta.

We set off towards Peshawar, however the roads were in places incredibly bad which meant that the distances we could cover in a day were dramatically shortened. We drove towards Loralai along the 'Robbers Road', a name given by the British who never seemed to be able to control the fierce tribes of the area. Very little has changed since then - Baluchistan is still infamous for it's fiercely independent chieftains, however the number of robberies has fallen in recent years. We were spared from any such encounter, maybe because our Land Rover seems to resemble an army vehicle - a few people even saluted us as we drove past.
Two Baluchis on the road to Loralai
At sunset we reached Loralai, a small and dusty town. No women were to be seen on the streets, however what the town lacked in womenfolk it certainly made up for in firearms. Locals openly paraded their machine guns on the streets as the police, helpless to do anything, merely looked on. Needless to say, Loralai didn't have a particularly welcoming feel and the fact that foreigners staying in the town have to report to the police didn't add to our sense of security either.

The police compound was like a fortress, surrounded by high walls lined by armed policemen that all seemed to be watching town with a nervous look. We were greeted by the chief who, after we had filled in the required papers, insisted that we stayed in the police compound for our own safety. After he had insured us that no hotel in town was safe and that foreigners like us were easy prey, we agreed. He also told us that the place was very dangerous, but he, the chief of the police, was not scared of anything. The two guns he carried in his belt told us something different.

Next morning we left very early for Dera Ghazi Khan, a town which, frankly, stank like a sewer, thanks to a small river running through the city where all sewage and rubbish were thrown in. The city was very busy with people everywhere, their numbers only topped by the large amount of flies.

The landscape had by now changed from arid dessert to lush green fields and the potholed roads of Baluchistan had turned into double-lane smooth asphalt roads. The Punjabis wore brightly colored clothes, some even wore longis (wrap around skirts) which made the place look very much like how we have imagined India to look like.


A girl crosses over the polluted river
on her way to school
We were supposed to drive all the way to Peshawar in one stretch, but we only got as far as Dera Ismail Khan. In the town itself we happened to ask a local gentleman called Asran for directions to the highway. Before we knew what had happened he had invited us to his home for some tea and as we soon discovered, Asran was a very prominent member of the local community being one of the largest farmers in an area which depends almost exclusively on agriculture for its existence.
As it happens, the annual sports festival was taking place that very same day and together with Asran and his two "servants" we went to see the festivities, particularly looking forward to the traditional horse events.

The next thing we knew we were placed in a big open tent overlooking the track, in the seat of honour right in the middle of the front row, three local camera crews were competing to get an interview with us and the town mayor and major landowners were asking us where we were from and would we stay for a while. To top it all off, we were then promptly informed by the mayor that we were now officially guests of the local government. In the middle of all this, and as the police was literally beating back the crowds of curious onlookers, a dancing horse was brought before us to perform its dance.


One of the competing teams in their
traditional costumes
Later, as the main horse event started we were amazed to see the skill of the riders. Galloping at full speed, the aim for the riders was to spear a small piece of wood (between 2 and 10cm wide) placed in the ground. The team that got the most pieces of wood won the game.
We had had a wonderful time in Dera Ismail Khan thanks to the incredible hospitality afforded to us by our generous hosts, and were sad to leave. We had to get to Peshawar and Islamabad where we were due to meet with Danish Demining Group who would take us into Afghanistan, where we are going to film their demining efforts.

The tradition started as part of the warrior training
   


February 25th to March 3rd - From Persia to Pakistan

Our last few days in Iran were spent in Bam a small oasis a few hundred kilometers from the Pakistani border. After driving for hours through arid desert the sight of green palm trees among the sand coloured mud brick houses were a welcome relief.

In the outskirts of Bam we found the Arg-e Bam, ruins of an ancient fortress town. The dry climate has preserved the ruins magnificently and walking along the tall town walls looking down on the old town evoked vivid images of how life must have been like when the town was an important and bustling metropolis of merchants and inhabitants.
  The magnificent ruins of Arg-e Bam
Entering the town you walk down a cobbled street that used to function as the busy bazaar where everything from carpets to fruits and spices, jewelry and textiles were traded. At the end of the bazaar are the citadel's towering walls. To the right tired merchants would find the caravanserai, a hotel that would also house camels, and to the left the prestigious houses of the wealthy families that led up to the entrance of the citadel itself.
Inside the citadel were barracks for the soldiers as well as the large stables for the army's horses. Walking up the steep cobbled alleyways, arcades and squares you reach the top where the governor had his residence overlooking the entire fortress town. Beyond the walls, the palm trees of Bam, famous for producing some of Persia's best dates, can be seen as they gradually give way to the desert.
  The view of Bam from the city walls
After a few days in Bam we, along with our two new Finnish friends, drove to Zahedan, eighty kilometers from the Pakistani border from where we next day crossed into Pakistan. We had all heard stories of travellers being robbed in Baluchistan and the area around the border crossing. Three tired Germans told us in Bam how they had been doped eating the food in a hotel restaurant. They remembered being extremely tired as they left for their rooms and slept for eleven hours solidly. When they woke up their money was gone.
With this and other stories in our minds we entered Pakistan, but instead of finding scores of Afghani refugees, mean looking men with guns and gangs of drug smugglers, we first found a friendly customs official at the border who insisted on providing us with bottled water and sweet biscuits for our journey through the desert. During our drive through Baluchistan, drivers in their colourful trucks would smile and wave as we past them.
  One of the elaborately decorated trucks in Pakistan
We spent a night in Dalbadin from where we next day headed towards Quetta. The road just beyond Dalbadin changed from two lanes to one - and at times from one lane to no lane where sand had reclaimed the road.
As we drove through the desert we would periodically pass small mud brick villages, long stretches of desolate land, majestic mountains and many camels that seemed to turn up in the strangest places. Nobody seemed too fussed about them and they themselves were not worried about the cars that drove by, or even the weekly train. We all enjoyed the weird and wonderful scenery as we made the last leg of the journey to Quetta.

Camel on the tracks
Five minutes outside the city the car started to pull to the left followed by a strange thumping sound. We pulled over and discovered we had a puncture. Thankfully we managed to change it just before hoards of curious locals showed up and after a short while we drove into Quetta as the sun was setting.

  Five minutes outside Quetta

February 17th to 24th - Persepolis and Yazd

After our stay in Esfahan we headed further south to Persepolis and Shiraz. The weather was getting warmer, however we both came down with the flu so our first days in Shiraz were spent in a hotel room reading and zapping through the Iranian TV channels in the hope that something in English would be shown. (For more)

After our stay in Esfahan we headed further south to Persepolis and Shiraz. The weather was getting warmer, however we both came down with the flu so our first days in Shiraz were spent in a hotel room reading and zapping through the Iranian TV channels in the hope that something in English would be shown. Of the three channels we could choose between the entertainment was pretty sparse. Channel one had a Mullah reading from the Koran, channel two had two Mullahs discussing interpretations of the Koran and channel three featured a religious musical programme with videos depicting Mosques and mullahs.

After a couple of days we went to Persepolis. At first we were pretty disappointed as the entrance portals were covered in carved graffiti, however the carvings turned out to be pretty interesting as it turned out most of them date back to the turn of the century (the twentieth that is). British soldiers posted in Persia during this period had left their names in the rock along with many other travellers.
  Dignitaries bringing gifts as depicted on a ruin in Persepolis
The ruins date back more than 2500 years when Darius I started constructing this massive palace complex. Many of the ruins have carved inscriptions and we were intrigued to find out what ancient knowledge they contained. We later found out the inscriptions said: 'I am Xerxes, Great King, King of Kings, King of lands, King of many races bla bla bla, son of Darius the King… …Many other beautiful things were constructed in Persia. I constructed them and my father constructed them.' No ancient secrets there except for a big headed king. However, king Xerxes and Darius had reason to be proud of their construction, as it was incredibly impressive even today when only the ruins remain.
The next stop on our route was Yazd, an old city located in the large desert that occupies much of Iran's interior. The Old Town is a maze of alleyways and narrow passageways and is still inhabited, making it one of the oldest inhabited towns in Iran. Life continues in the Old Town in much the same way as it has done for over a thousand years and for visitors walking through its alleyways between the mud brick houses gives a fascinating insight into what urban life in the past must have been like.
  Alleyway in the Old Town of Yazd
One thing visitors to the Old Town may notice is that many of the doors have two knockers - a round knocker that makes a deep sound when used and a long and thin one which makes a lighter sound. The knockers are used to indicate to the inhabitants of the house whether it is a man or a woman knocking, thereby avoiding the huge embarrassment of having a woman answering
the door for a male stranger.
  Two different knockers
One afternoon we decided to go for a picnic with some fellow travellers to the temples of silence, an ancient Zoroastrian site. The Zoroastrians believe that burying the dead contaminated the earth so they placed them sitting on the towers so that vultures could pick at their remains. Perhaps not the most typical of places to have a lunch, however the old practice stopped forty years ago.
Although we had a great picnic it seems the old site has been turned into a sort of motor-cross racetrack for the area's local youths and we were a bit saddened with the disregard the authorities seem to have towards the ruins which had been spray painted with graffiti. This governmental neglect towards non-Muslim holy sites is something we saw often during our visit to Iran.
 
Picnic in the desert by the Zoroastrian Towers of silence
(From left: Thomas, Retta, Ville, Tobi and Chris)


February 14th to 17th - Esfahan, the cultural capital

Any place after Tehran would seem like a bastion of Persian culture, however Esfahan does not need the added advantage. With its spectacular mosques and palaces, Esfahan is the jewel in Iran's crown.

Any place after Tehran would seem like a bastion of Persian culture, however Esfahan does not need the added advantage. With its spectacular mosques and palaces, Esfahan is the jewel in Iran's crown.

As we arrived in Esfahan's amazing Emam Khomeini Square, the sun was just setting. The square measures a huge 500 by 160 metres and is flanked by arched buildings, mosques and palaces. At the far end the mighty Emam Mosque with its shimmering and colourful tiles competes for dominance with the impressive Lothfallah Mosque, equally elaborately decorated.

We found a small teahouse on the roof overlooking the square and watched the scenery as the sun went down. In the dark the square looked like an oriental version of the Piazza St. Marco in Venice. The Mosques were both beautifully lit up.


Emam Mosque
The next day we visited some of Esfahan's famous bridges that after several years of drought finally again are bridging water rather than dried up riverbeds. The bridges are a favourite place for the locals to go strolling and to enjoy the beautiful view. Almost every bridge has it's own teahouse where families go on their days off.

Our evenings were spent exploring Esfahan's many restaurants or talking to other travellers in the courtyard of our hostel. Most were heading towards India and others were coming back from the Far East. Stories, anecdotes and warnings were exchanged over hot tea into the small hours of the morning.


Taking a minutes rest on Khaju bridge
One day looking around the bazaar we bumped into Amir, one of the many shopkeepers. He showed us the famous Azadegan teahouse, which is extravagantly decorated with old weapons, photos of wrestlers - a sport hugely popular in Iran - and other memorabilia. He told us of Persian traditions and amongst other things he enlightened us as to traditional courting rituals, now only practiced outside the bigger cities.
He told us that the mother and sisters of an unmarried son would scout around for a suitable wife. When they found an eligible candidate they would approach her and find out where she lived. After setting up a meeting with the girl's parents the son would be taken along to meet her.

The families would be present and the girl would serve tea. To the unmarried male candidate she would also offer a cake. It is when she hands him the cake that he for the first time is allowed to look at her. If he then proceeds to eat the cake it would mean he was interested in getting to know the girl better and the young couple would be allowed to go next door to talk with each other in privacy. On the other hand if he decided that for some reason he was not interested in the girl, he would not touch the cake.


Azadegan Teahouse
   


February 5th to 13th - Tehran, a city without charm.

We take the liberty in this update to write only a little about the capital of Iran as it lacks any of the Persian culture and charm. Not a drop of Persia, in fact, can be found in this huge and enormously polluted city. Take Cairo's manic traffic and add several thousand mopeds driven by suicide candidates, a thick layer of smog and add the odours of dirt and discarded kitchen waste for good measure and you have Tehran.

The only rule that applies for Tehran's traffic is that there are no rules. Rear mirrors are there to hang items from and side mirrors are knocked off the cars within five minutes of them leaving the factory. Indicators and headlights are frowned upon, as they seem to be regarded as unnecessary accessories that drain the batteries.

The traffic police can be seen standing up against the walls with a vacant look in their eyes as doing their job by standing in the middle of the road directing the traffic would almost certainly cost them their lives. The Tehranian pedestrians cross the roads in the only manner possible; either jumping and running for their life or with downcast eyes and clenched fists with an expression of dead calm determination.

There is one plausible explanation for the erratic driving in Iran. We were told by a friend that due to the great demand for driving licenses the driving test has been shortened to only include the student to parking the car. When our friend saw our great surprise he quickly replied that parking in fact is a very difficult maneuver to perform.


Goods carriers taking a well deserved rest from the traffic.

We decided to leave our car in a safe parking space out of harms way whilst we waited for our Indian and Pakistani visas, which as it turned out would keep us in the city for a week.

We went to the Pakistani embassy to apply for our visa and when we were interviewed by no other than the consul himself we took the opportunity to inquire as to the safety of the Baluchistan area, infamous as it is for kidnappings. The consul assured us that the few drug smugglers usually left tourists alone and we had no need to worry because: "kidnappings happen everywhere in the world, not only in Baluchistan." Reassured we left the office…

We happened to be in Tehran during the annual Revolution Day that commemorates Emam Khomeini's victory. We headed out to the streets where we had been told thousands of Iranians would be celebrating the day. Although many people had turned up to see the demonstrations, many fewer than we expected actually participated. One boy chanted the predictable: "Down with America", however only two other people immediately behind him seemed to reply to the call, one of which was busy looking at the shops along the street they were passing.

We had expected American flags to be set on fire, angry banners declaring America's allegiance with the devil himself and thousands of passionate demonstrators, none of which happened. Later another Iranian friend of ours told us that that "all that stuff" takes place on another day!


An old man vents his anger at Iran's enemy no. 1
When we finally got our visas we left Tehran as fast as we could heading south. We both had broad grins on our faces as we drove away, only interrupted by occasional expressions of fear when the Tehranians did what they do best; drive like crazed madmen.

January 24th to February 2nd - Tabriz and the Caspian Sea.

From the snowy Turkish mountains we crossed into Iran with no problems. After spending the night in a small border town in which we within our first hour of staying in Iran almost managed to get the car stuck in an invisible man hole, crash it and then get stuck again on a staircase we had had a baptism by fire as to Iranian road planning.

What the road regulation lack the Iranians make up for in friendliness. Everywhere people come up and ask where you are from and if you need assistance. Most Iranians are incredibly eager to practice their English and to hear of the outside world.

We were supposed to head directly towards Tehran, but decided to make a stop over in Tabriz. As one of the biggest cities in northwestern Iran, it boasts the second oldest bazaar in the world, which once was frequented by Marco Polo. It also boasts over sixty sights for cave paintings, the only inhabited volcanic caves on earth and it also boasts the most famous tourist official in Iran, Nasser Khan. Nasser became our friend and took us around Tabriz for the week we stayed there.

One evening we visited a language school with Nasser, which gave us a unique opportunity to ask questions and talk to Iranian women about their perspective on life. The West often perceives Iranian women to be oppressed, by having to wear a hajib (scarf) or a Chador (a long black shawl) and living under a patriarchal theocracy.
They were very curious to hear what the world thought of Iran and about how women in the West live. We thoroughly enjoyed our visit to the school and recommend it to anyone interested in meeting and talking to "the locals".

Iran is an incredibly large country, three times as big as France and seven out of the world's nine different climates can be found within its borders. On Nasser's encouragement we decided to experience the cold winters of the north and went skiing in the surrounding mountains of Tabriz. We headed out to Yam a skiing resort an hour outside the city.

There were two slopes one small for the women and bigger one for men - both of which were easy. We both went on the men's slope. Once on the top you had to maneuver Iranian daredevils at extreme speeds and questionable skiing abilities coming down the slope.


Breaking all the rules and skiing on the men's only slope
There is a remarkable similarity between how the Iranians drive and how they ski(!)

The 'Apres ski' was very different from the smoky bars with loud music and plenty of drinks in Europe and America. Here the bar was a family restaurant, serving only sandwiches and tea. Posters on the door were set up to remind the women that Chadors should be worn. Only two grandmothers seemed to abide by the rule as anyone else was wearing normal skiing outfits. The only difference was the hats would never come off when the women were resting.

Another day we went with Nasser to the Bazaar to buy a Kelim. The bazaar here is very different than the one in Cairo. People are polite and not at all pushy and the prices are at rock bottom. The bazaar, which spans eight square kilometers and has 7250 shops, is the second oldest bazaar in the world after the one in Aleppo in Syria. When you walk through the arched alleyways and look out to the caravanserais, small squares where merchants used to tie their camels in the old days, you can almost imagine Marco Polo rubbing his hands at the good deals to be made. The gold bazaar has more than four tons of gold and not one single guard. The spice bazaar has remedies for everything from a sore throat to childlessnes and spices that will calm you down or heighten you concentration - even natural chewing gum (nasty stuff that tastes awful and sticks in your teeth for the next five days…).
Tabriz's Saville Row
Nasser introduced us to the Iranian way of closing a deal, whereby you take the hand of the shopkeeper after haggling. You then state you final price and it is then up to the shopkeeper to accept the deal by shaking your hand or pulling away his hand if he feels he would not be making the kind of profit he had hoped for.
One of Tabriz's most fascinating attributes is a village just outside called Kandovan and one afternoon we went to see it. The village consists of cones of volcanic material, which has been hollowed out and turned into houses. The village, which looks like the sets from Star Wars, is unique in that the inhabitants still live in these spectacular dwellings. The cones set on a hillside make for perfect houses. During the cold winters their low ceilings and small windows make the rooms easy to heat and in summer their thick exterior keep them cool. The inhabitants, however, are not particularly friendly. Fearing scores of tourists and hotels, they understandably feel their way of life is under threat. The village is completely self-sustained living of agriculture and sheep. No less than 12.000 sheep are housed in the volcanic cones.
One of the locals of Kandovan
The car which for some time now has a problem with it's gear box which manifests itself, when in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th gear, by a roaring sound louder than a fighter jet at take off has been fixed. Fearing permanent hearing loss we approached Tabriz's Land Rover specialist who made the car sound more like a purring kitten than a roaring lion. So it was with a gearbox, as good as new, we said goodbye to Nasser and headed north towards the Caspian Sea.

There is unfortunately not much to say about this vast lake. We ended up seeing precious little of it. The tall mountains dip down to the Caspian Sea and made a beautiful journey, however once we had driven down to the Caspian the road which run parallel to the shores was laid about 5 kilometers inland so there was no chance of the scenic route which we had anticipated. Instead a complete lack of city planning has meant that the entire route is flanked by ugly urban development. But there were to be even more ugliness in store for us at our next destination a place even further deprived of any oriental mystique…

January 12th to the 21st - Syria and Turkey - Winter Wonderland - See Photos

After leaving Iraqi Kurdistan we headed south for Damascus. Our Iranian visas had arrived recently in the Iranian embassy in Amman and to pick them up we had to travel all the way south again to Damascus from where we could then travel to Amman.

Our brief stay in Damascus gave us some time to visit the famous al-Hamidiya bazaar, which is definitely worth a visit if you like oriental rugs and carpets. Iranian pilgrims traveling to Damascus often bring carpets with them for sale to the local dealers. The money earned from the sale is then donated to the mosques as homage. Because the pilgrims cannot simply leave Iran with the money for the donations selling these carpets is the only way they can raise the funds for the mosques. The local carpet dealers take advantage of this and buy them for very low prices.
Hundreds of small shops line the large indoor arcade and surrounds the huge mosque at the center of the bazaar. Each shop is like an Aladdin's cave bursting with interesting trinkets, antique artifacts and funny souvenirs, making it a Mecca for the bargain hunter who loves haggling.
  An example of an elaborate Kelim, now in Sofie's possession!

After picking up our visas in Amman we again headed north for the Turkish border.

The weather had by now definitely gotten colder and when we arrived at the Turkish border the temperature was barely above freezing. Eager to get to Iran we drove as far as we could and decided to sleep in the car.

We had had to take the long route north rather than crossing straight across Turkey along the Iraqi border, as this route was closed due to "terrorist activity" by the PKK - Kurdish pro-independence fighters. In the mainly Kurdish south eastern areas of Turkey their presence has resulted in the deployment of many Turkish troops with frequent check points and watch towers overlooking villages and small towns.

 

During the night, heavy snowfall had blanketed the area and so we woke up to a winter wonderland type landscape with temperatures well below freezing.
We proceeded towards the Iranian border mindful not to drive too fast on the icy mountain roads that was sending cars and trucks careering of the roads and into each other.
We were happy we had had to take the longer road as this gave us a chance to see what was for Turkey unique weather.
  The Land Rover in the Turkish Mountains
We are now in a small town called Van, preparing for the next leg of our journey - Iran - a country we both look very much forward to seeing.

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December 7th - January 11th Iraqi Kurdistan - Between the devil and the deep blue sea - See Photos

After nineteen hours on the road from Damascus to Qamishli by the Turkish border, a drive that should not have taken more than 10 hours, we arrived at ten in the morning. Road maps are unavailable in Syria and with only Arabic signs to navigate by getting totally lost is all too easy. And so we did, ending up driving for hours along small roads through village after village. When we finally did arrive in Qamishli we were totally exhausted, and only had one hour before the border crossing with Iraqi Kurdistan closed. We gathered all of our gear and crossed the border into Iraqi Kurdistan.

The safe haven in northern Iraq north of the 36th parallel was established immediately after the Gulf War. Hand in hand with greater safety for the Kurds came autonomy from the Iraqi government. The Kurds wasted no time in taking advantage of their newfound freedom and organized the first free regional elections in Iraq's history in 1992.

It was a close call between Jalal Talabani's Patriotic Union for Democracy (PUK) and Massoud Barzani's Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). This subsequently let to friction between the long time rivals and the subsequent division of Iraqi Kurdistan into two separate regions, each controlled by one of the parties.

 

Iraqi Kurdistan is a beautiful country with rugged mountains, soft rolling hills and lush green valleys. Rich in minerals, water and oil the area holds a lot of potential value.
In the spring, we were told by proud Kurds, the country resembles the garden of Eden and the Kurds enjoy spending this time picnicking in the hills from early morning until late at night. The place was stunning at winter,so it was not difficult to imagine the place even more amazing at spring and summer.
  A shepherd grazing his sheep

We spent most of our stay in Erbil, the largest city in Iraqi Kurdistan and incidentally also the oldest continuously inhabited city on earth. The locals love to point to the Citadel overlooking the city and tell you how it has been inhabited for over 5,000 years. The Iraqi Kurds are a people who have been dealt a bad card by geography and history. They live in a tough neighbourhood as their country is lodged in between Iraq to the south and Syria, Turkey and Iran, to the north, all of which have Kurdish minorities. Fears of potential secessionist tendencies within their own Kurdish communities makes them very sensitive to any developments in Iraqi Kurdistan that might destabilize their own countries. Despite this the beginning of a democratic government is underway and real progress has been made by Kurdish leaders in rebuilding a shattered economy. Other important milestone have also been achieved - the number of schools has doubled in the past four years, there is now a free press and internet cafes are springing up everywhere. This freedom of access to the rest of the world, something still unimaginable in Iraq, is viewed by many Kurds as their passport to the world. Although most Kurds still live in poverty, they have now achieved freedom from Saddam Hussein's tyranny.

The invisible enemy

Landmines are one of the greatest menaces for the rural population in Iraqi Kurdistan. An estimated 15 million landmines and unexploded ordinance (UXO) are scattered throughout the country, rendering enormous tracts of fertile land unusable.

For our landmine documentary, we filmed a deminer called Mam Rasoul (uncle Rasoul), who at sixty was a living history book of the Kurdish struggle for independence. A former Peshmerga (resistance fighter), he had experienced first hand the Kurdish struggle against Saddam Hussein. Having lived through two uprisings, forced resettlements, an extermination campaign, and being forced to fight for Saddam Hussein against Iran and later in the Gulf war, Mam Rasoul had lived through some of the hardest times the Kurds have faced.

He now works for Mines Advisory Group (MAG) a British demining organisation. MAG employsmore than three hundred deminers and when we filmed them were busy finishing off demarcating minefields before the winter break in order to prevent people accidentally entering the minefields.
We went with MAG to a small village in the Suleimaniya region. Minefields from the Iran - Iraq war in the 1980's, surrounded the village. An untold number of villages is in the same situation.Most landmines in this area date back to this conflict and are testimony of two decades of conflicts in this area.

  Mam Rasoul demining near a village
As we arrived at the village an old man greeted us and soon the whole village came to see the strangers that had come to visit. The old man looked a hundred years old and had lost one leg in a mine accident. He explained that one winter it had become so cold that he had knowingly entered a minefield to collect firewood. He had been unlucky and stepped on a landmine.

The old man showed us over to a mined plot of land 5 meters from his house where he and his five children lived. He pointed to five rusty mortar shells on the ground. The villagers had been digging a channel for a water pipe and had found the unexploded grenades leaving them next to the house for MAG to dispose of.

Many villagers in Iraqi Kurdistan depend on their land but often have to wait for long periods for their land to be cleared from landmines. Demining is at the best of times a painstakingly slow process, however the limited funding and difficulties in getting equipment into the country makes it even more challenging for organizations such as MAG to conduct their work.

In this village MAG had cleared pathways from the houses to the main road, the mosque and school. Before this work was done the villagers had been scared of letting their children out of the house in fear of accidents. Sadly, many thousands of people live in similar conditions all throughout Iraqi Kurdistan, waiting for the demining teams to come and help them free up their land.

Working in Iraqi Kurdistan was a real pleasure for us. The people, although incredibly poor, were always welcoming and in almost every village we visited, cold fresh juice was produced along with cakes and sweets for the visiting strangers. Despite this open hospitality and friendliness we were obliged to bring with us an armed guard everywhere, a testimony to the continued presence of Islamic fundamentalists in some of the more desolate mountain areas.
Many foreigners, and almost every aid worker in Iraqi Kurdistan travels with an armed guard. Ironically these guards are often more of a danger to themselves and those they seek to protect as arms etiquette is not commonly known. Ride in the back of a car with an armed guard in the front and nine out of ten times his rifle will be pointing directly at you. With this sort of lack of care it is no surprise that in the Suleimaniya region of Iraqi Kurdistan alone, every year almost two hundred people are killed in accidental shootings.
  Filming in a village with the obligatory armed guard
One afternoon it came to a bizarre scene in a village. Some of the children had noticed our fondness for dogs - something alien to them in that dogs are viewed with a mixture of fear and as a means of keeping unwanted intruders of their property - and pointed us in the direction of where a small newborn puppy was lying by the road side. We asked the children where the mother was and they pointed towards a barn. We picked up the shivering puppy and headed down towards it's mother. The incident spurned the village to follow us. That same moment the village Mullah came out from his Mosque and had to rub his eyes in disbelief at his congregation. The small puppy was carried by two visiting strangers, flanked by three heavily armed guards and followed by first the children of the village, then their parents and the rest of the village. In the end curiosity in the end got the better of the godly man who had to see for himself the new icon that seemed to draw his congregation with fascination and make them forget to greet him and show him the respect he was deserving off. And so it was that the small puppy that was left for dead by the road became the most famous inhabitant of the small village as it's entire population of fifty-odd people filed into the barn including heavily armed guards and a disbelieving Mullah.

Christmas and New Years in Iraq

We spent Christmas in a UN bar in Erbil called 'the Edge' - we both felt a bit homesick, as did most of the UN staff, however loud pop versions of old Christmas jingles quickly got everybody into the Christmas spirit. The concept of Christmas is becoming more familiar to the Kurds given the growing number of international aid workers, but confusion as to how we celebrate Christmas still exists. One Kurd asked us what the deal was with Santa Claus and so we explained that children (and some grown ups) believe he brings the presents, climbing down through people's chimneys. After considering this new information he looked troubled and asked us what then was the deal with Santa's dwarf slaves…. - he was of course referring to the Santa's little helpers who assist in making the presents. We, in the name of the Christmas spirit told our friend that they were not dwarfs, nor were they slaves, but juvenal delinquents doing community service. This has not helped the already confused Kurds that have people dress up as Santa Claus on New Years instead of on Christmas, nor does it really matter as Iraqi Kurdistan comes under the allied no-fly-zone which would, if Santa dared it, greatly hamper his busy schedule dodging anti-aircraft missiles from US and British fighter jets in the skies high above the Kurdish chimneys.

Our New Years was spent with a group of Danish engineers from BWSC, an electrics company. We had a fantastic time. The Danes in true style had had nine suitcases full of delicious food sent from Denmark to celebrate Christmas and New Years and invited us to share in the festivities. Both of us after four months on the road were beginning to develop serious cravings for pork and homemade Danish